Best workability evaluated by slump and table tests was recorded at 30% of bfs addition. While blast furnace slag has a long history of use as an industrial byproduct, going back almost 100 years in the united states and 150 years in europe 8, steel slag was less popular. This specification is approved by the environment protection authority under clause 4a of the environment protection waste to resources policy 2010 and applies to blast furnace slag. In this study, we sought to use the crystallized sand slag of blast furnace in the production of ordinary concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its.
The paper presents the results of an investigation to determine the properties of aircooled blast furnace slag. Ironmaking blast furnaces consist of several zones. Pdf the paper presents the results of experimental research that dealt with the substitution of fi nely ground blast furnace slag for portland. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs shall comply with specification 3102 and aashto m 302. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. The effect of acidity coefficient on crystallization behavior of blast. The coke is combusted to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces the iron ore to a molten iron product. In the furnace, hot metal along with slag is processed from the raw material which gets collected in the hearth and blast furnace gases come out of blast furnace from the top.
Blast furnace slag 70% added with clinker and ground. Step 2d the blast furnace when running continuously, iron is run out through a tap hole, drilled into the furnace at the bottom, b. Waste derived fill blast furnace slag specification 2015. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. Blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the manufacture of. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron.
If the link fails, the document cannot be downloaded, please click on the broken link to let us know. Jis for blast furnace slag cement was first developed in 1950, in which the content of blast furnace slag was specified to be approximately 70% or less. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Effect on the compressive strength of mortars using ground. Typically this is used for the production of pig iron from iron ore. Media in category blast furnaces in the united states the following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Preparation and properties of blast furnace slag glass ceramics containing cr2o3. The ground granulated slag powder is drying by the hot air supplied by hot blast furnace, and with the help of hot air, the powder selecting is made in the separator. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Download pdf a guide to the use of iron blast furnace slag in cement and concrete the technical guide, which is supplementary to the. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate.
Such a slag acquires liquid mobility and trickles down the furnace away from the site where it starts distorting plastically, as soon as possible. Tibearing blast furnace slag is a typical refractory industrial solid waste. Lightweight cement aggregates are just one of the many and varied uses for this byproduct of the iron and steel industry. The use of ggbfs in portland cement is governed by aashto m302. Effect of slag chemistry on the hydration of alkaliactivated blast.
Due to light color of blast furnace slag, color of slag concrete is lighter in comparison with conventional concrete. Bw pdf download a blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for. In this study, ground granulated blast furnace slag an. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Uranium extraction by sulfonated mesoporous silica derived. Granulated blast furnace slag has a cellular structure resulting from rapid quenching in water, is cementitious in nature, and sets to form a solid concretelike mass. Blast furnaces produce pig iron from iron ore by the reducing action of carbon supplied as coke at a high temperature in the presence of a fluxing agent such as limestone.
There are about 25% tio 2 and more than 5% metallic iron in the slag due to the particularity of ferrous minerals used during the melting process. The compressive strength, modulus of elasticity of harden concrete were determined in the laboratory. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Blast furnace simulation download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Blast furnace slag is a by product of the steel industry. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. Vebetime, an indication of workability of concrete, decreased to its lowest. Iron productions waste materials include significant quantities of blast furnace slag bfs which could potentially be used as a substitute for natural aggregates in hot mix asphalt hma used in highway projects. Molten iron ore is tapped at the bottom of the blast furnace, poured into the iron ladle and. This article presented a model for the system of coal gasification with steam and blast furnace slag waste heat recovery by using the aspen plus as the simulating and modeling tool. Fly ash being industrial by product was obtained from uttarakhand power corporation, dehradun whereas ground granulate blast furnace slag ggbs was obtained from local vendors for cheap prices. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs at. This paper presents results of detailed investigations about the alkaline activation of ground granulated blast furnace slags whose chemical.
This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. Pdf the exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement. Aggregate properties significantly affect the workability of plastic concrete and also the durability, strength, thermal properties, and density of hardened concrete. Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace 65996692 2660020 100% the following components comprise this basic blast furnace slag product and were used for hazard determination. Blast furnace slag as a by product background the status of blast furnace slag bfs has been disputed with industry for a number of years. Alternatively, you can download the file locally and open with any standalone pdf reader. The hardness and wear resistance values increased with the increase in the content of blast furnace slag. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Pdf investigating the local granulated blast furnace slag.
Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. How a blast furnace works introduction the purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. An environmental procedure to extract titanium components. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with.
Blast furnace slag is used as a replacement for ordinary portland cement opc. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Ore docks, blast furnaces and steel mills, south chicago, ill. Milestones of our blast furnace operation technologies tamura categorized our history of pigiron making into the following three periods, in an article. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, blast furnace slag sand, carbonation. View detailed export data, price, monthly trends, major exporting countries, major ports of granulated blast furnace slag. Download blast furnace simulation or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Pdf the promotion of blast furnaces slag in construction industry aims at. A blast furnace is a type of furnace for smelting whereby the combustion material and ore are supplied with air from the bottom of the chamber such that the chemical reaction does not take place only at the surface. Pdf characterization of blast furnace slag for road. Blended cements shall comply with specification 3103 and aashto m 240. On the use of blastfurnace slag in sprayed concrete.
Investigation of wear strength of blast furnace slag blended. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563. Processing of granulated blast furnace slag and its. Partial cement replacement if the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Every two years since 2002, euroslag conducts surveys among its members european steelworks and processing companies to assess the importance of the different slag types and the products manufactured from them. Acceptance is judged on the basis of time of set, false set, fineness, soundness, air content of the mortar, chemical analysis, and compressive strength.
Substitution of the natural sand by crystallized slag of blast furnace. Cdic can now conduct more than 100 mechanical tests, out of which, 55 tests come under the nabl accreditation. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs has been used for many years as a supplementary cementitious material in portland cement concrete, either as a mineral admixture or as a component of blended cement. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace. This paper belongs to a publication series from the research team and some information of previous published works are used for comparison purposes. This can perhaps be explained by the vast amount of blast furnace slag available 6. Strength and durability of concrete with blast furnace slag core. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Pdf this research exploits ground granulated blast furnace slagggbfs as a replacement of sand on the physicomechanical properties.
Evaluation of hotmix asphalt containing portland cement. The chemical composition of blast furnace slag bfs from the factory of helwan for iron making industries was analyzed and its chemical composition was found to be 35, 44, 7. In 2006, bfs was put forward for consideration by the waste protocols project which aimed to establish the point at which bfs ceased to be waste. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. The efficiency, which the molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as well as the chemical composition of the slag source, largely determines its cementitious properties for use in concrete. Blast furnace slag material description origin in the production of iron, iron ore, iron scrap, and fluxes limestone andor dolomite are charged into a blast furnace along with coke for fuel. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats. The latter was used to replace cement in concrete at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% proportions and properties of both fresh and hardened concrete improved. Free power how to convert an old washing machine into a water powered generator duration.
Although many of properties of slag are interesting, its porosity and absorption rate would lead to greater consumption of asphalt. The qualified slag powder particles will be collected by bag dust collector, then conveyed to and stored in the silos by the air slide and elevator. Sulfonated mesoporous silica gel obtained from bfs was activated with concentrated sulfuric acid at high temperature to obtain. Europes biggest blast furnace a colossus being made fit for the future made in germany duration. Therefore, blastfurnace slag may be considered as a supplementary cementitious material in sprayed concrete applications when the average strength evolution class is specified. Blast furnace slag has been used extensively as a successful replacement material for portland cement in concrete materials to improve durability. Metallic silicates and aluminosilicates various various 94100 crystalline silica as quartz 14808607 2388784 02. Concretes containing slag as a partial replacement of cement up to 40% had higher. The exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement in concrete.
Blastfurnace slag article about blastfurnace slag by. At present, wastes from blast furnace and steel furnace production are, however, proc. Slag is run out through a second tap hole labeled c. The use of fine blast furnace slag in improvement of.
The present study evaluated the potential use of blast furnace slag bfs as forming material of untreated granular layers in pavement e. Export data and price of granulated blast furnace slag zauba. Step 2e the blast furnace slag is less dense than iron and floats on the surface. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Preparation and properties of blast furnace slag glass ceramics. However, this statement can be considered only partially correct. Concrete properties can be improved using fine blast furnace slag bfs. This action exposes fresh sites for further reaction and is supposedly responsible for enhanced slagmetal reaction rates, influencing the blast furnace operations and the quality of the metal. Effect of particlesize of blast furnace slag on properties of. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. The primary source of blast furnace emissions is the casting operation properties and uses of iron and steel slags d. The slag is obtained by rapidly chilling the molten ash from the furnace by means of chilled water and is ground about 400 m2kg of fineness by using state of the art grinding mill to make ggbs. Very few studies have been reported on use of blast furnace slag in stabilizing the soils. Moreover, deep bluegreen color shown by interior part of slag concrete and can be noticed from slag concrete broken parts, for example, after compressive strength test.